Ritual Practices and Environmental Relations in Northern Andean Argentina

Abstract

The shepherds and shepherdesses inhabiting the Jasimaná highland, province of Salta, in northwestern Andean Argentina, perform several rituals such as self protection and healing rites, offerings to the Mother Earth, agro-pastoral rites, person’s life cycle rituals, processions and pilgrimages with the Saints. In order to go beyond both the ecological functionalistic approach to the Andean rites and the cultural symbolic one to the indigenous animistic cosmology, this article follows the environmental theory of Tim Ingold (2011) who conceptualizes the environment as a “set of ecological relationships” including human and non-human elements. Using this perspective and focusing on practices, it will be possible to show how different rituals materially produce environmental relations of intimacy, but also risky ties, involving people, objects, animals, spirits, dead souls and the powerful entities of the Andean landscape as the Mother Earth, called Pachamama. In this article ritual practices are conceived as sequences of material actions that make the ‘relationality’ between different human and non-human elements and agents.