1989: Global History?
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18441/ibam.14.2014.54.7-26Keywords:
Institutional Change, Neoliberalism, Global History, Latin America, Central Europe, 20th Century, Transformación institucional, Neoliberalismo, Historia global, América Latina, Europa Central, Siglo xx.Abstract
This paper presents historical facts from the year 1989 in order to show the relevance of conducting comparative analysis between Latin America and Central Europe at the end of the twentieth century, in the setting of their respective processes of institutional change. It also confirms the existence of common features in the trajectories of countries in these groups, motivating studies of this type to be undertaken as part of a Global History. Common features include the influence on them of neoliberalism, the legacies left by their institutions, and finally a generalised picture of economic and institutional crisis. Hence a historical dialogue between Latin America and Central Europe may be promoted as a way of contributing to Global History. The body of the work is in two parts: an account is given of parallel facts that point to the transcendental nature of 1989, and then, historical events in Argentina, Chile, Mexico, Czech Republic, Hungary and Poland are addressed specifically. The aim of the study is to support and encourage comparative studies of the two subcontinents.
El ensayo articula hechos históricos en torno a 1989 con el objetivo de mostrar la pertinencia del análisis comparado entre América Latina y Europa Central a finales del siglo xx, en el marco de los respectivos procesos de cambio institucional. Asimismo, se comprueba la existencia de características comunes en sus trayectorias que motivan este tipo de estudios como parte de una Historia global. Entre estas últimas, sobresalen la influencia del neoliberalismo, las herencias institucionales y un panorama generalizado de crisis económica e institucional. Por lo tanto, es posible promover un diálogo histórico entre América Latina y Europa Central como una forma de contribuir a una Historia global. El trabajo se divide en dos partes: se presentan hechos paralelos que dan cuenta de la trascendencia de 1989 y se abordan eventos en Argentina, Chile, México, República Checa, Hungría y Polonia. Se busca que el análisis apoye y promueva estudios comparados entre ambas regiones.
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