Vinos y élites en la América de la Conquista
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18441/ibam.15.2015.57.7-23Keywords:
Vino, Chicha, Élites, Sociedad, América, Siglo XVI, Wine, Chichi, Elites, Society, America, 16th CenturyAbstract
En este artículo analizamos las actitudes con respecto al vino de uva que mostraron tanto los conquistadores como los conquistados. El vino se vinculó a los vencedores y la chicha –fermento de maíz–, a los vencidos. Sin embargo, tanto el vino como el trigo y el aceite de oliva se convirtieron en artículos absolutamente prohibitivos para los colonos, por lo que tuvieron que transformar aceleradamente su dieta para poder sobrevivir. En breve plazo, el maíz, la yuca y las batatas se convirtieron, junto a la carne, en la base de la alimentación hispana. Lo realmente sorprendente es que aceptaran la mayor parte de la cultura gastronómica indígena, excepto la chicha –el llamado vino indígena–. Y ello por las connotaciones sociales, culturales y hasta rituales que el vino tenía, vinculado inalienablemente a la cultura europea y a la cristiandad.
Abstract
In this paper we analyze the attitudes towards grape wine showed both by the conquerors and the conquered. Wine was linked to winners and chichi –corn ferment–, linked to the vanquished. However, both the wine and wheat and olive oil became absolutely prohibitive items for settlers so they had to rapidly transform their diet to survive. Soon, corn, cassava and yams became, along with meat, the base of the Hispanic food. What is really surprising is that most of the Indian food culture was accepted, except chichi wine, the so- called indigenous wine. This is for the social, cultural and even ritual connotations that the wine had, inalienably linked to European culture and Christianity.
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