Imaginarios nacionales en la Exposición Histórico-Americana de Madrid, 1892. Hispanismo y pasado prehispánico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18441/ibam.13.2013.50.101-118Keywords:
IV Centenario del Descubrimiento de América, Exposición Histórico-Americana, Hispanismo, Pasado Prehispánico, Siglo XIX, 400th Anniversary of the Discovery of America, Historic-American Exhibition, Hispanism, Pre-hispanic past, 19th CenturyAbstract
Ante el ascenso de Estados Unidos, el gobierno de España tomó conciencia de la importancia de celebrar el IV Centenario del Descubrimiento de América en 1892 y promover la idea de una “comunidad espiritual” con sus antiguas colonias, basada en un idioma, una religión y una historia comunes. Uno de los eventos organizados fue la Exposición Histórico-Americana en Madrid que pretendía “reconstruir el estado de civilización” en el que se encontraban los pobladores del continente americano a la llegada de los españoles.Las recién conformadas naciones hispanoamericanas, promovieron un movimiento sin precedentes encaminado a la recolección y catalogación de “antigüedades indígenas”, que por primera vez serían las protagonistas de un evento de carácter internacional. Dicha exposición constituye así un espacio propicio para analizar el papel del hispanismo en la construcción de una imagen nacional alusiva al pasado prehispánico.
Abstract
At the end of the 19th century, before the rise of the United States as a world power, the Government of Spain became aware of the importance of commemorating the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America and promoting the idea of a “spiritual community” with its former colonies, based on common language, religion and history. One of the events planned for that purpose was the Historic-American Exhibition, organized in Madrid in 1892. The goal of this exhibition was to rebuild the “state of civilization” in which the settlers of the American continent had been living prior to the arrival of the Spaniards. The newly formed Latin American nations promoted an unprecedented movement, aimed at collecting and cataloguing “indigenous antiquities”, which for the first time would be the protagonists of an event of international character. This exhibition is an ideal space to analyze the role of Hispanism in the construction of a national image related to the pre-hispanic past.
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