A contribution to ethnobotany in the Cordillera Blanca (Sierra de Ancash)

Abstract

The Cordillera Blanca and surrounding areas have a very rich and diverse flora. Although botanical studies have increased significantly over the past few years, ethnobotanical knowledge remains vastly under-documented. The first part of this article presents a certain number of traditional concepts about plants in general. I first examine their mythical origin. Then, drawing on Quechua botanical terminology and ritual practices, I show how plants are invested with a number of anthropomorphic traits. Finally, different aspects of traditional plant classification are discussed. The second part of the article focuses more specifically on the hallqa, the ecological zone situated above 3800 m.a.s.l. After presenting a number of plants which are said to belong to the mythical ancestors and analyzing the dangers that surround them, we will take a closer look at the rima rima (Ranunculus weberbaueri), well-known for its magical properties. An interpretation of its various uses is proposed. We continue upward to the foot of the glacier, where specific vegetation is encountered. I suggest the existence of a strong symbolic relationship between some of these very high-altitude plants and the sacred mountains that surround them.